Endocrinology and Metabolism

Hyun Koo Yoon (Yoon HK)

14 Articles

Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland
Medical Treatment with Somatostatin Analogues in Acromegaly: Position Statement: Sang Ouk Chin, Cheol Ryong Ku, Byung Joon Kim, Sung-Woon Kim, Kyeong Hye Park, Kee Ho Song, Seungjoon Oh, Hyun Koo Yoon, Eun Jig Lee, Jung Min Lee, Jung Soo Lim, Jung Hee Kim, Kwang Joon Kim, Heung Yong Jin, Dae Jung Kim, Kyung Ae Lee, Seong-Su Moon, Dong Jun Lim, Dong Yeob Shin, Se Hwa Kim, Min Jeong Kwon, Ha Young Kim, Jin Hwa Kim, Dong Sun Kim, Chong Hwa Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2019;34(1):53-62. Published online March 21, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2019.34.1.53

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The Korean Endocrine Society (KES) published clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acromegaly in 2011. Since then, the number of acromegaly cases, publications on studies addressing medical treatment of acromegaly, and demands for improvements in insurance coverage have been dramatically increasing. In 2017, the KES Committee of Health Insurance decided to publish a position statement regarding the use of somatostatin analogues in acromegaly. Accordingly, consensus opinions for the position statement were collected after intensive review of the relevant literature and discussions among experts affiliated with the KES, and the Korean Neuroendocrine Study Group. This position statement includes the characteristics, indications, dose, interval (including extended dose interval in case of lanreotide autogel), switching and preoperative use of somatostatin analogues in medical treatment of acromegaly. The recommended approach is based on the expert opinions in case of insufficient clinical evidence, and where discrepancies among the expert opinions were found, the experts voted to determine the recommended approach.

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Hydrogel-fiber-mesh-based 3D cell cultures: A new method for studying pituitary tumors
Wooju Jeong, Sungrok Wang, Yumin Kim, Soohyun Lee, Minhu Huang, Jaeil Park, Myung-Han Yoon, Chang-Myung Oh, Cheol Ryong Ku
Smart Materials in Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation and Management of Bone Health in Patients with Thyroid Diseases: A Position Statement of the Korean Thyroid Association
A Ram Hong, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(2): 175. CrossRef
Growth Hormone Excess: Implications and Management
Suneela Dhaneshwar, Shrishti Shandily, Vatsalya Tiwari
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets.2023; 23(6): 748. CrossRef
Revisiting the usefulness of the short acute octreotide test to predict treatment outcomes in acromegaly
Montserrat Marques-Pamies, Joan Gil, Elena Valassi, Marta Hernández, Betina Biagetti, Olga Giménez-Palop, Silvia Martínez, Cristina Carrato, Laura Pons, Rocío Villar-Taibo, Marta Araujo-Castro, Concepción Blanco, Inmaculada Simón, Andreu Simó-Servat, Gemm
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation and Management of Bone Health in Patients with Thyroid Diseases: a Position Statement from the Korean Thyroid Association
A Ram Hong, Hwa Young Ahn, Bu Kyung Kim, Seong Hee Ahn, So Young Park, Min-Hee Kim, Jeongmin Lee, Sun Wook Cho, Ho-Cheol Kang
International Journal of Thyroidology.2022; 15(1): 1. CrossRef
Octreotide in the treatment of acromegaly – the possibilities of high-dose therapy
I. A. Ilovayskaya
Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council.2022; (10): 148. CrossRef
Approach of Acromegaly during Pregnancy
Alexandru Dan Popescu, Mara Carsote, Ana Valea, Andreea Gabriela Nicola, Ionela Teodora Dascălu, Tiberiu Tircă, Jaqueline Abdul-Razzak, Mihaela Jana Țuculină
Diagnostics.2022; 12(11): 2669. CrossRef
Left to themselves: Time to target chronic pain in childhood rare diseases
Christine B. Sieberg, Alyssa Lebel, Erin Silliman, Scott Holmes, David Borsook, Igor Elman
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.2021; 126: 276. CrossRef
Severe respiratory failure in a patient with COVID-19 and acromegaly: rapid improvement after adding octreotide
Jacob Luty, LesleAnn Hayward, Melanie Jackson, P Barton Duell
BMJ Case Reports.2021; 14(8): e243900. CrossRef
Precision Therapy in Acromegaly Caused by Pituitary Tumors: How Close Is It to Reality?
Cheol Ryong Ku, Vladimir Melnikov, Zhaoyun Zhang, Eun Jig Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(2): 206. CrossRef
Medical Treatment with Somatostatin Analogues in Acromegaly: Position Statement
Sang Ouk Chin, Cheol Ryong Ku, Byung Joon Kim, Sung-Woon Kim, Kyeong Hye Park, Kee Ho Song, Seungjoon Oh, Hyun Koo Yoon, Eun Jig Lee, Jung Min Lee, Jung Soo Lim, Jung Hee Kim, Kwang Joon Kim, Heung Yong Jin, Dae Jung Kim, Kyung Ae Lee, Seong-Su Moon, Dong
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2019; 94(6): 485. CrossRef

Endocrine Research
The Role of Nuclear Factor-E2-Related Factor 1 in the Oxidative Stress Response in MC3T3-E1 Osteoblastic Cells: So Young Park, Sung Hoon Kim, Hyun Koo Yoon, Chang Hoon Yim, Sung-Kil Lim; Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(2):336-342. Published online April 25, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.2.336

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants are associated with maintenance of cellular function and metabolism. Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, Nrf1) is known to regulate the expression of a number of genes involved in oxidative stress and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of NFE2L1 on the response to oxidative stress in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.

Methods

The murine calvaria-derived MC3T3-E1 cell line was exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for oxidative stress induction. NFE2L1 effects were evaluated using small interfering RNA (siRNA) for NFE2L1 mRNA. ROS generation and the levels of known antioxidant enzyme genes were assayed.

Results

NFE2L1 expression was significantly increased 2.4-fold compared to the control group at 10 µg/mL LPS in MC3T3-E1 cells (P<0.05). LPS increased formation of intracellular ROS in MC3T3-E1 cells. NFE2L1 knockdown led to an additional increase of ROS (20%) in the group transfected with NFE2L1 siRNA compared with the control group under LPS stimulation (P<0.05). RNA interference of NFE2L1 suppressed the expression of antioxidant genes including metallothionein 2, glutamatecysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and glutathione peroxidase 1 in LPS-treated MC3T3-E1 cells.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that NFE2L1 may have a distinct role in the regulation of antioxidant enzymes under inflammation-induced oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells.

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SDH5 down-regulation mitigates the damage of osteoporosis via inhibiting the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway
Hongzi Wu, Dehua Zhang, Haijun Xia, Yongqi Li, Feng Mao, Yi Liao
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology.2023; 45(3): 317. CrossRef
N-acetyl Cysteine Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of LPSInduced MC3T3-E1 Cells Via Regulating Inflammatory Cytokines
Wangyang Li, Hui Zhang, Junchi Chen, Yujie Tan, Ailing Li, Ling Guo
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.2023; 24(3): 450. CrossRef
Unravelling the role of NFE2L1 in stress responses and related diseases
Xingzhu Liu, Chang Xu, Wanglong Xiao, Nianlong Yan
Redox Biology.2023; 65: 102819. CrossRef
Nfe2l1 deficiency mitigates streptozotocin-induced pancreatic β-cell destruction and development of diabetes in male mice
Simeng Bao, Hongzhi Zheng, Chengjie Chen, Yuhang Zhang, Lina Bao, Bei Yang, Yongyong Hou, Yanyan Chen, Qiang Zhang, Jingbo Pi, Jingqi Fu
Food and Chemical Toxicology.2021; 158: 112633. CrossRef
Long isoforms of NRF1 negatively regulate adipogenesis via suppression of PPARγ expression
Peng Xue, Yongyong Hou, Zhuo Zuo, Zhendi Wang, Suping Ren, Jian Dong, Jingqi Fu, Huihui Wang, Melvin E. Andersen, Qiang Zhang, Yuanyuan Xu, Jingbo Pi
Redox Biology.2020; 30: 101414. CrossRef
Protracted rosiglitazone treatment exacerbates inflammation in white adipose tissues of adipocyte-specific Nfe2l1 knockout mice
Suping Ren, Yongyong Hou, Zhuo Zuo, Zhiyuan Liu, Huihui Wang, Yuanyuan Xu, Masayuki Yamamoto, Qiang Zhang, Jingqi Fu, Jingbo Pi
Food and Chemical Toxicology.2020; 146: 111836. CrossRef
Nrf1 is paved as a new strategic avenue to prevent and treat cancer, neurodegenerative and other diseases
Jianxin Yuan, Shuwei Zhang, Yiguo Zhang
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.2018; 360: 273. CrossRef
Silencing of long isoforms of nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 1 primes macrophages towards M1 polarization
Huihui Wang, Jiayu Zhu, Zhiyuan Liu, Hang Lv, Peng Lv, Feng Chen, Jingqi Fu, Yongyong Hou, Rui Zhao, Yuanyuan Xu, Qiang Zhang, Jingbo Pi
Free Radical Biology and Medicine.2018; 117: 37. CrossRef
Costunolide increases osteoblast differentiation via ATF4-dependent HO-1 expression in C3H10T1/2 cells
Wan-Jin Jeon, Kyeong-Min Kim, Eun-Jung Kim, Won-Gu Jang
Life Sciences.2017; 178: 94. CrossRef

Thyroid
Thyroid Dysfunction Associated with Administration of the Long-Acting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist: Eun Jin Han, Ha Do Song, Ji Hoon Yang, So Young Park, Sung Hoon Kim, Hyun Koo Yoon, Chang Hoon Yim; Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(3):221-225. Published online September 13, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.3.221

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist has been used in the treatment of a wide variety of sex-hormone-related diseases, as the administration of GnRH agonist can alter the secretion of gonadotropin and sex hormones. Recently, we found that the long-acting GnRH agonist aggravated hyperthyroidism and induced painless thyroiditis. This is the first report to demonstrate the association of thyroid dysfunction with GnRH agonist injection in Korea. Here, we report three cases and emphasize the clinical importance of this aggravating factor in autoimmune thyroid disease.

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Thyroid Dysfunction after Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Administration in Women with Thyroid Autoimmunity
Loris Marin, Guido Ambrosini, Marco Noventa, Flavia Filippi, Eugenio Ragazzi, Francesco Dessole, Giampiero Capobianco, Alessandra Andrisani, Alexander Schreiber
International Journal of Endocrinology.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Effects of controlled ovarian stimulation on thyroid function during pregnancy
Lingfei Li, Ling Li, Ping Li
Biology of Reproduction.2022; 107(6): 1376. CrossRef
Is gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist usage really leading to thyroid dysfunction?
Nafiye Yilmaz, Necati Hancerliogullari, Mustafa Kara, Yaprak Engin-Ustun
Interventional Medicine and Applied Science.2020; 11(3): 136. CrossRef
FANCA Polymorphism Is Associated with the Rate of Proliferation in Uterine Leiomyoma in Korea
Eunyoung Ha, Seungmee Lee, So Min Lee, Jeeyeon Jung, Hyewon Chung, Eunsom Choi, Sun Young Kwon, Min Ho Cha, So-Jin Shin
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2020; 10(4): 228. CrossRef
Effects of controlled ovarian stimulation on thyroid stimulating hormone in infertile women
Yuan-Jie Du, Xin Xin, Na Cui, Lei Jiang, Ai-Min Yang, Gui-Min Hao, Bu-Lang Gao
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.2019; 234: 207. CrossRef
Myxedema Coma Following the Administration of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist Complicated by Acute Pancreatitis
Naoki Gocho, Ema Aoki, Chiho Okada, Takeshi Hirashima
Internal Medicine.2018; 57(21): 3117. CrossRef
The impact of thyroid autoimmunity on IVF/ICSI outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Andrea Busnelli, Alessio Paffoni, Luigi Fedele, Edgardo Somigliana
Human Reproduction Update.2016; 22(6): 775. CrossRef
The Potential Role of GnRH Agonists and Antagonists in Inducing Thyroid Physiopathological Changes During IVF
Salvatore Gizzo, Marco Noventa, Michela Quaranta, Amerigo Vitagliano, Federica Esposito, Alessandra Andrisani, Roberta Venturella, Carlo Alviggi, Mario Plebani, Michele Gangemi, Giovanni Battista Nardelli, Donato D’Antona
Reproductive Sciences.2016; 23(4): 515. CrossRef
Brief Review of Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2013
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014; 29(3): 251. CrossRef

A Case of Hypothyroidism in Remission during Pregnancy.: Ha Do Song, Eun Jin Han, Sung Ja Lee, Ji Hoon Yang, So Young Park, Sung Hoon Kim, Ki Ok Han, Hyun Koo Yoon, Chang Hoon Yim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(4):295-298. Published online December 20, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.4.295

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Abstract PDF: Hypothyroidism should be treated in pregnancy, because it has been associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy complications, as well as detrimental effects upon fetal neurocognitive development. The goal of L-thyroxine (LT4) treatment is to normalize maternal serum TSH values within the trimester-specific pregnancy reference range. 50% to 85% of hypothyroid women being treated with exogenous LT4 need to increase the dose during pregnancy. In this study, we report a case of a 29-year-old woman with hypothyroidism who had been in remission and discontinued LT4 treatment during her pregnancy. Three months after delivery she had a relapse of hypothyroidism and was retreated with LT4. Many factors can influence the gestational requirement for LT4, therefore maternal serum TSH should be monitored and the LT4 dose should be adjusted in pregnant patients with treated hypothyroidism.

Medical Service Utilization with Osteoporosis.: Sunmee Jang, Chanmi Park, Suhyun Jang, Hyun Koo Yoon, Chan Soo Shin, Deog Yoon Kim, Yong Chan Ha, Seong Su Lee, Hyung Jin Choi, Young Kyun Lee, Bom Taeck Kim, Ji Yeob Choi; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(4):326-339. Published online December 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.4.326

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Although osteoporosis is increasing in the elderly population, attempts to analyze the patterns of medical service utilization for osteoporosis are currently not sufficient. The medical services and treatment patterns were investigated using Korea's National Health Insurance claims data, which includes all of the Korean population. METHODS: Through the patient identification algorithm developed by using the administrative claims data in 2007, the adult patients (between 50-100 years) with osteoporosis were identified. The age and gender of the patients who used medical service for osteoporosis were described, in relation with six dichotomous variables. The medical service use patterns such as the type of medical institution and conducting bone mineral density measurement were investigated. RESULTS: The number of patients who used medical service were 1,230,580 (females 89.9%). Sixty one point six percent of the patients were prescribed osteoporosis medicine (indicated for osteoporosis only), and 12.9% of the patients had experienced osteoporotic fracture. The primary medical institutions for treatment were clinics (54.3%), while hospitals were mainly used among the patients with a history of fracture and disease or drug use that may induce secondary osteoporosis. The number of visited medical institutions was 6.4 (as an outpatient) and 0.2 (as admissions) during 6 months. The proportion of patients who conducted bone mineral density measurements within one year before and after the diagnosis of osteoporosis was 66.7% and DXA was the most frequently used densitometry (46.3%). The average number of days for the prescriptions for osteoporosis medicine was 70 days. CONCLUSION: In order to prevent further osteoporotic fractures, appropriate management and treatment should be implemented for osteoporosis patients. To do this, we need to understand the current state of medical service utilization and the treatment of osteoporosis using the National Health Insurance claims data.

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Sung Hoon Choi, Dong-Yun Kim, Ja Wook Koo, Seung Gun Lee, Soo-Young Jeong, Chang-Nam Kang
Asian Spine Journal.2020; 14(2): 220. CrossRef
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Jong-myung Jung, Chun Kee Chung, Chi Heon Kim, Yunhee Choi, Min-Jung Kim, Dahae Yim, Seung Heon Yang, Chang Hyun Lee, Sung Hwan Hwang, Dong Hwan Kim, Joon Ho Yoon, Sung Bae Park
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Depression Risk among Patients with Open-angle Glaucoma: a 10-year Follow-up Nationwide Cohort Study
Sang Yeop Lee, Tyler Hyungtaek Rim, Hyoung Won Bae, Gong Je Seong, Sung Soo Kim, Chan Yun Kim
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The impact of differential cost sharing of prescription drugs on the use of primary care clinics among patients with hypertension or diabetes
Eunja Park, Daeeun Kim, Sookja Choi
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The Effects of C161-->T Polymorphisms in Exon 6 of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- Gene on Bone Mineral Metabolism and Serum Osteoprotegerin Levels in Healthy Korean Middle-aged Men.: Eun Jung Rhee, Won Young Lee, Se Yeon Kim, Eun Sook Oh, Ki Hyun Baek, Ki Won Oh, Kyung Chang Park, Ki Ok Han, Hyun Koo Yoon, Moo Il Kang, Sun Woo Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2004;19(2):181-193. Published online April 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) is a member of the nuclear receptor family known to be involved in adipocyte differentiation. Recent studies have revealed the inhibitory role of PPAR in osteoblastogenesis, which suggests its possibility as a candidate gene for osteoporosis. The frequency of C161-->T substitution in exon 6 of PPAR was observed in Korean men and the association of different genotypes with bone turnover markers, bone mineral density (BMD) and serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), which play inhibitory roles in osteoclastogenesis, examined. METHODS: In 72 healthy Korean men (mean age 54.5 6.4 yrs; range 42~69 yrs), anthropometric measurements, and lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, and bone turnover markers, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum calcium, phosphorus, osteocalcin and cross-linked C-telopeptides of type I collagen (ICTP) measurements were performed. The levels of serum testosterone, estradiol and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), and those of serum OPG levels, were measured with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The DNAs were extracted from the samples, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and the sequencing of the products were performed to confirm the substitution. RESULTS: The allele frequencies were 0.799 and 0.201 for the C and T allele, respectively, which were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p=0.80). Subjects with the CT genotype were older and those with the T allele showed higher blood pressure levels and lower body mass indices (p<0.05) than those with the CC genotypes. There were no differences in the bone turnover markers between the different genotypes (p>0.05). The levels of serum testosterone, estradiol, IGF-I and OPG were not different among the different genotype groups (p>0.05). The lumbar, femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) and T scores were significantly lower in subjects with T alleles, and those with CT genotypes showed the lowest BMD values (p<0.05). When the subjects were divided into 3 groups, i.e., normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic groups, according to the lumbar spine BMD, the group with the T allele had a significantly higher prevalence of osteopenia and smaller numbers with normal BMD than those with the CC genotype (p=0.032). CONCLUSION: The frequencies of the C161-->T substitution in exon 6 of the PPAR gene in Korean men were similar to those observed in other races, and those with the T alleles showed significantly lower BMD values. These data imply the PPAR gene might be a candidate gene for the pathogenesis of osteoporosis

Korean Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency Treatment Registry.: Sung Woon Kim, Seong Yeon Kim, Su Youn Nam, Yoon Sok Chung, Jae Hoon Chung, In Kyung Jung, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Minho Shong, Dong Sun Kim, Seong Keun Lee, Sung Dae Moon, Hyun Koo Yoon, Doo Man Kim, Sang Woo Kim, Hye Kyung Park; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2002;17(1):43-47. Published online February 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency is related with decreased lean body mass, increased body fat, and poor quality of life. In western countries, adult GH deficiency treatment registriesy provide a database of the effects and safety of GH deficiency treatment. The Korean Adult Growth Hormone Study Group of the Korean Society of Endocrinology register adult GH deficiency since 1996. METHEODS: Subjects were aged over 15 years, had organic hypothalamo-pituitary disease, and GH deficiency as documented by GH stimulation test or serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) level. The underlying etiology for GH deficiency, serum IGF-I level, starting and maintenance dose, and adult GH deficiency assessment (AGHDA) score were investigated. RESULTS: From January 1996 to May 2001. 115 patients were enrolled. Mean age was 43.7 13.8 years and 60% were female. Thirteen medical institutions were involved in the registry. The most common underlying diseases were Sheehan's syndrome and pituitary adenomas. GH starting dose was from 0.4 to 1.0 units. Maintenance dose was between 0.5 and 1.2 units. Serum IGF-I levels were increased after GH treatment (0-week, 93.7 69.7 ng/mL; 2-weeks, 184.9 89.0 ng/mL; 6-weeks, 188.4 94.8 ng/mL; 10-weeks, 207.6 111.1 ng/mL; 6 months, 281.9 95.5 ng/mL). AGHDA scores slightly improved from 10.25 6.70 to 8.58 5.47 after 6 months of GH deficiency treatment. CONCLUSION: The GH Treatment Registry will be beneficial in monitoring the effects of GH deficiency treatment on Korean adult GH deficient subjects

The Regulation of OPG/OCIF mRNA Epression by IL-1beta in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.: In Gul Moon, Ho Yeon Chung, Chang Sun Hwang, Young Soon Kang, Mi Sun Chung, Han Jin Oh, Kyu Hong Choi, Sun Woo Kim, Eui Hyun Kim, Youn Yee Kim, Chang Hoon Yim, Ki VOk Han, Hak Chul Jang, Hyun Koo Yoon, In Kwon Han; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2000;15(2):204-213. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Osteoprotegerin(OPG) is a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor(TNF) receptor family and inhibits osteoclastogenesis by interrupting the cell-to-cell interaction between osteoblastic/stromal cells and osteoclast progenitors. OPG is expressed in many tissues including osteoblasts and may act on bone tissues in a paracrine and/or autocrine fashion. Futhermore, many cytokines and growth factors are known to influence the regulation of OPG expression in osteoblastic/stromal cells. The aims of the present study were to examine whether or not OPG was expressed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and to investigate the effects of IL-1beta, which were known as potent osteotropic agents, on the regulation of OPG mRNA in PBMCs. METHODS: PBMCs were isolated by centrifugation over Ficoll-Hypaque density gradients from postmenopausal women and cultured in 6-well plates containing alpha-MEM supplemented with 5% FBS. The expression of OPG mRNA in PBMCs was observed by RT-PCR in adherent and nonadherent cells on culture plates. To observe the effect of OPG expression by IL-1beta, we measured the concentration of OPG mRNA by altering the concentration and incubation time of IL-1beta. The measurement of OPG mRNA was done by semi-quantitative PCR and indicated as OPG/GAPDH. RESULTS: OPG was expressed both in cells attached to the surface of culture plates and in non-adherent cells for the incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The effect of OPG mRNA by IL-1beta tend to increase in accordance with the length of incubation time and maximizes at 12 hours of incubation time and shows 1.2-3.5 times higher than the standard level at the concentration of 0.5ng/ml. However, the increased quantity in concentration varies according to individuals.] CONCLUSION: OPG mRNA is expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and known to be increased by IL-1beta.

A Case of the McCune: Albright Syndrome Associated with Activating Mutations of Stimulatory G Protein.: Phil Ho Chung, Jung Kyu Whang, Youn Yee Kim, Ji Ju Whang, Chan Moon Park, Chang Hoon Yim, Ho Yeun Chung, Ki Ok Han, Hak Chul Jang, Hyun Koo Yoon, Hun Ki Min, Sung Ran Hong, Young Soon Kang, In Gul Moon, In Kwon Han; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1999;14(4):779-785. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a sporadic disease classically including polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, cafe -au-lait spots, sexual precocity, and other hyperfunctional endocrinopathies. Recent investigations suggest an etiological role for activating embryonic somatic missense mutations in the gene for the a subunit of Gs (Gsa), the G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase. DNA from bone, ovary, and blood was analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. A embryological somatic mutation of Gsa gene encoding substitution of a Cys for Arg at amino acid 201 from cells of dysplastic bone and ovary was observed, and the distribution of mutant gene reveals mosaic pattern. We report a case of McCune-Albright syndrome with an activating mutation at codon 201 of Gsa subunit on ovary and bone tissue that was experienced recently.

Serum Fluoride Level in Normal Adult Women and Changes in Serum Fluoride Level after Disodium Monofluorophosphate Administration.: Hyun Koo Yoon, Mi Sun Jung, In Kul Moon, Sang Woo Kim, Ho Yeon Chung, Ki Ok Han, Hak Chul Jang, In Kwon Han, Hun Ki Min; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(4):565-570. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Since the morning fluoride level of 10 uM is recommended for adults patients being treated for osteoporosis so far, measurement of serum fluoride level is important to detect abnormally high levels or to detect levels below the therapeutic windows. Aims of this study are to determine the normal range of serum ionic fluoride levels in Korean female adults (from 5th to 7th decade), and to evaluate the in vivo fluoride pharmacokinetics of monofluorophosphate in Korean adults. METHODS: Serum level of fluoride was measured from blood samples of 72 female subjects (age 43-69years) using an ion selective electrode. For pharrnacokinetics of monofluorophosphate-calcium (MFP-Ca), 6 subjects (age 27~45 years) were included to be withdrawn the blood hourly for the first S hours and the blood was withdrawn at 24 hours after a single dose of MFP-Ca. RESULTS: Mean level of serum fluoride was 1.64+-0.12uM in 5th, 6th, 7th decades adults, and there was no difference of serum fluoride levels among age groups. Peak serum fluoride level exhibited 5.02+-0.67pM, and returned to basal level on 24 hours after a single dose of MFP-Ca. CONCLUSION: This study shows that mean serutn fluoride of Korean female adults (from 5th to 7th decade) is not different from that of other reports, and a single dose of MFP-Ca does not cause serum fluoride levels above the recommended therapeutic windows of 5-10uM for 24 hours.

Non-association of Pvull and Xval Estrogen receptor Genotypes with Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in Korean Premenopausal Women.: Hyun Koo Yoon, Ho Yeon Chung, In Gul Moon, Chang Hoon Yim, Sang Woo Kim, Ki Ok Han, In Kwon Han, Hun Ki Min, Dong Won Suh, Dong Hee Cho, Bo Kyung Park, Jong Tae Choi; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(2):207-214. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Bone mineral density (BMD) is under strong genetic control. A recently reported case of severe estrogen resistance caused by a germ-line mutation at the estrogen receptor gene locus suggests the possibility that other variants of the estrogen receptor (ER) gene could be responsible for the heritable components of bone density. METHODS: Two restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at the ER gene locus, represented as PvuII and XbaI, and their relationship to bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers were examined in 95 healthy premenopausal women. Their mean age was 29 +-6.9 years (mean+-SD). RESULTS: The distribution of the PvuII and XbaI RFLPs was as follows: PP 20 (21.1%), Pp 40 (42.1%), pp 35 (36.8%), and XX 5 (5.3%), Xx 33 (34.7%), xx 57 (60.0%) (capital letters signify the absence of, and lower case letters signify the presence of the restriction site of each RFLP). There was no significant relation between ER genotypes and BMD measured at several sites such as lumbar spine (L2-4), distal forearm, and femoral neck. Also no significant genotypic differences were found in the several biochemical markers and sex hormone status. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that these polymorphisms are not predietive of bone turnover nor BMD in a sample of healthy Korean premenopausal women.

Effect of Dexamethasone and Deflazacort on the Function and Gene Expression of the Primary Cultured Human Osteoblast-Like Cells.: Hyun Koo Yoon, In Myung Yang, Sung Woon Kim, Soung Seol Kim, Young Kil Choi, Ho Yeon Chung, Young Soon Kang, In Gul Moon, Chang Hoon Yim, Sang Woo Kim, Ki Ok Han, Hak Chul Chang, In Kwon Han; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1996;11(4):479-491. Published online November 7, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Background
Chronic use of glucocorticoid is known to result in osteoporosis. Deflazacort (DFZ), a synthetic glucocorticoid, has been reported to have bone sparing properties in vivo eompared to dexamethasone(DEX). Not only the direct effect of DFZ on human osteoblast but the mechanism by which the drug spares bone remains unclear. This study, therefore, is aimed to investigate the direct effect of DFZ on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast as well as on the gene expression of osteocalcin and osteoblast as well as on the gene expression of osteocalcin and growth factor produced in osteoblast. Methods: Human osteoblast-like cells were cultured from a piece of the tibia removed during selective orthopedic surgery for patients without metabolic bone diseases. The morphological iden- tification of osteoblast-like cell was performed under the light microscope after alkaline phosphatase staining. Cell proliferation rate was determined by [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA. Cell differentiation was determined by alkaline phophatase activity. mRNA expression was quanti- tatively measured by the competitive reverse transcription-polymerase ehain reaction(RT-PCR). Results: The cultured cells demonstrated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced increases in alkaline phophatase activity and osteocalcin mRNA expression which are the properties of osteoblast. Twenty six percent of the cultured cells were identified as osteoblast-like cells by alkaline phophatase staining. After 24hr incubation with DEX or DFZ, the [3H) thymidine incorporation was significantly inhibited by 100nM DEX or DFL Alkaine phophatase activity was significantly increased by 100nM DEX. Osteocalcin mRNA was significantly decreased by both glueocorticoids. While DEX significantly suppressed expression of asteocalcin mRNA at 10nM and 100nM, DFZ did so only at 100nM. IGF-I mRNA was significantly decreased by 100nM DEX. Conclusion: These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of DFZ on the cell proliferation and protein synthesis is less than that of DEX, which might be responsible for the bone sparing effect of DFZ in vivo.

Bone and Cytokines.: Hyun Koo Yoon; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1996;11(2):152-155. Published online November 7, 2019

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Effect of fluoride and vandate on the osteoblast MC3T3-E1 function.: Jung Taek Woo, Hyun Koo Yoon, Young Seol Kim, Sung Woon Kim, In Myung Yang, Jin Woo Kim, Kwang Won Kim, Young Kil Choi, Kwang Sik Seo; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1991;6(2):157-162. Published online January 1, 2001

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